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Scientific Name | Phyllopodium heterophyllum (L.f.) Benth. |
Higher Classification | Dicotyledons |
Family | SCROPHULARIACEAE |
Synonyms | Manulea capitata L.f., Manulea heterophylla L.f., Phyllopodium capitatum (L.f.) Benth. (in part): Hiern (1904) (in part) and excluding synonym Selago cordata Thunb., Polycarena capitata (L.f.) Levyns as 'P. heterophylla', Polycarena heterophylla (L.f.) Levyns as 'P. capitata' |
National Status |
Status and Criteria | Least Concern |
Assessment Date | 2020/03/02 |
Assessor(s) | L. von Staden |
Justification | Phyllopodium heterophyllum is a widespread species, with an extent of occurrence (EOO) of more than 30 000 km². It has been affected by extensive historical habitat loss, but is still common and not yet in danger of extinction. It is therefore listed as Least Concern. |
Distribution |
Endemism | South African endemic |
Provincial distribution | Western Cape |
Range | This species is endemic to the Western Cape of South Africa, where it is found on the coastal lowlands from Vanrhynsdorp to the Cape Peninsula and eastwards as far as the Breede River Valley. |
Habitat and Ecology |
Major system | Terrestrial |
Major habitats | Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos, Swartland Alluvium Fynbos, Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos, Hopefield Sand Fynbos, Atlantis Sand Fynbos, Cape Flats Sand Fynbos, Hangklip Sand Fynbos, Boland Granite Fynbos, Peninsula Granite Fynbos, Breede Alluvium Fynbos, Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos, Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland, Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos, Olifants Sandstone Fynbos, Piketberg Sandstone Fynbos, Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos, Swartland Alluvium Renosterveld, Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld, Swartland Granite Renosterveld, Saldanha Granite Strandveld, Saldanha Flats Strandveld, De Hoop Limestone Fynbos |
Description | It occurs on sandy flats and lower slopes. |
Threats |
| Phyllopodium heterophyllum has lost habitat mainly to urban expansion and agriculture, and nearly 50% is irreversibly modified, with loss continuing. Most subpopulations now persist on isolated habitat fragments, where they are threatened by competition from alien invasive plants, overgrazing and pollution. |
Population |
Many recent field observations indicate that this species is still common, in spite of extensive historical habitat loss. Most records are however from small, isolated remnants of lowland fynbos and renosterveld, where they are affected by ongoing habitat loss and degradation. As an annual species, it is somewhat resilient to disturbance, but it is suspected to be declining.
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Population trend | Decreasing |
Assessment History |
Taxon assessed |
Status and Criteria |
Citation/Red List version | | Phyllopodium heterophyllum (L.f.) Benth. | Least Concern | Raimondo et al. (2009) | | Phyllopodium heterophyllum (L.f.) Benth. | Not Threatened | Hilton-Taylor (1996) | |
Bibliography |
Goldblatt, P. and Manning, J.C. 2000. Cape Plants: A conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town.
Hilliard, O.M. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Manning, J.C. and Goldblatt, P. 2012. Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape Flora. Strelitzia 29. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Snijman, D.A. 2013. Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
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Citation |
| von Staden, L. 2020. Phyllopodium heterophyllum (L.f.) Benth. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version . Accessed on 2025/04/13 |
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