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Scientific Name | Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood |
Higher Classification | Dicotyledons |
Family | RUBIACEAE |
Synonyms | Adina galpinii Oliv., Adina lasiantha K.Schum., Adina lasiantha K.Schum. var. parviflora Hochr., Adina microcephala (Delile) Hiern, Adina microcephala (Delile) Hiern var. galpinii (Oliv.) Hiern, Breonadia microcephala (Delile) Ridsdale, Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood var. galpinii (Oliv.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood, Cephalanthus spathelliferus Baker, Nauclea microcephala Delile |
Common Names | Matumi (e), Mingerhout (a), Mutulume (v), Umfomfo (z), Water Matome (e), Wild Oleander (e) |
National Status |
Status and Criteria | Least Concern |
Assessment Date | 2018/10/05 |
Assessor(s) | L. von Staden |
Justification | Breonadia salicina is a widespread (EOO 74 594 km²), but rare species. The population is suspected to be declining, but population data supporting a threatened assessment is lacking. It is very widespread outside South Africa. |
Distribution |
Endemism | Not endemic to South Africa |
Provincial distribution | KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga |
Range | In South Africa it occurs from the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Lowveld to northern KwaZulu-Natal. It is widespread northwards through tropical Africa to Ethiopia and Yemen. It also occurs in Madagascar. |
Habitat and Ecology |
Major system | Terrestrial |
Major habitats | Mamabolo Mountain Bushveld, Lowveld Riverine Forest, Swaziland Sour Bushveld, Kaalrug Mountain Bushveld, Malelane Mountain Bushveld, Pretoriuskop Sour Bushveld, Makuleke Sandy Bushveld, Southern Lebombo Bushveld, Poung Dolomite Mountain Bushveld, Tembe Sandy Bushveld, Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld, Ironwood Dry Forest, Sand Forest, Scarp Forest, Northern Mistbelt Forest, Northern Afrotemperate Forest, Ohrigstad Mountain Bushveld, Delagoa Lowveld, Lowveld Rugged Mopaneveld, Tsende Mopaneveld, Musina Mopane Bushveld, Legogote Sour Bushveld, Tzaneen Sour Bushveld, Gravelotte Rocky Bushveld, Northern Lebombo Bushveld, Tshokwane-Hlane Basalt Lowveld, Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld, Granite Lowveld, Crocodile Gorge Mountain Bushveld, Zululand Lowveld, Makatini Clay Thicket, Western Maputaland Clay Bushveld, Western Maputaland Sandy Bushveld, Gabbro Grassy Bushveld |
Description | It occurs in riverine forest, 60-1500 m. |
Threats |
| The wood of this tree is fine and very durable, and as a result it has been widely extracted (Boon 2010, Schmidt et al. 2002). It is also often uprooted by floods (Schmidt et al. 2002). This species is now a protected tree (Boon 2010) and harvesting requires a permit. |
Population |
This species is uncommon in Zululand and Maputaland (Boon 2010). Large trees are becoming rare in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Lowveld (Schmidt et al. 2002).
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Population trend | Unknown |
Assessment History |
Taxon assessed |
Status and Criteria |
Citation/Red List version | | Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood | Least Concern | Raimondo et al. (2009) | |
Bibliography |
Boon, R. 2010. Pooley's Trees of eastern South Africa. Flora and Fauna Publications Trust, Durban.
Bridson, D.M. and Verdcourt, B. 1998. Rubiaceae. In: G.V. Pope (ed). Flora Zambesiaca 5 (Part 3):379-691. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Hepper, F.N. and Wood, J.R.I. 1982. A new combination in Breonadia (Rubiaceae) based on Forsskal's Arabian collection. Kew Bulletin 36(4):860-860.
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Schmidt, E., Lotter, M. and McCleland, W. 2002. Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park. Jacana, Johannesburg.
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Citation |
| von Staden, L. 2018. Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version . Accessed on 2025/05/13 |
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