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Scientific Name | Sparaxis roxburghii (Baker) Goldblatt |
Higher Classification | Monocotyledons |
Family | IRIDACEAE |
Synonyms | Synnotia bicolor (Thunb.) Sweet var. roxburghii Baker, Synnotia roxburghii (Baker) G.J.Lewis |
Common Names | Collar Satinflower (e) |
National Status |
Status and Criteria | Critically Endangered C2a(ii) |
Assessment Date | 2023/07/19 |
Assessor(s) | P. Goldblatt, D. Raimondo, L. von Staden & T. Patel |
Justification | This species is known from one location where there are fewer than 250 mature individuals. It has lost habitat to crop cultivation and decline is ongoing as the only remaining subpopulation is in the middle of fruit orchards. It is therefore listed as Endangered under criterion C. |
Distribution |
Endemism | South African endemic |
Provincial distribution | Western Cape |
Range | This species is endemic to the Western Cape, where it occurs in a few small subpopulations in the Olifants River Valley between Citrusdal and Clanwilliam. |
Habitat and Ecology |
Major system | Terrestrial |
Major habitats | Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos |
Description | It occurs in shale-derived, stony clay soils in dry fynbos. |
Threats |
| This species has lost 41% of its habitat (calculated using landcover data in GIS). Plants of this species at the one known location are threatened by habitat loss to expanding fruit orchards. Recruitment is poor, possibly due to seed predation. |
Population |
It is an extremely rare and localized species. It was known from collections from a small area in the Olifants River Valley from the 1930s to 1950s. It could not be relocated and was thought to be extinct (Hilton-Taylor 1996), but after repeated searches, a small subpopulation was rediscovered in the same area as the historical records in 1998 (Goldblatt and Manning 2013). This remains the only known locality for this species, and a recent survey (2014) counted around 100 mature individuals.
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Population trend | Decreasing |
Assessment History |
Taxon assessed |
Status and Criteria |
Citation/Red List version | | Sparaxis roxburghii (Baker) Goldblatt | CR B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii) | Raimondo et al. (2009) | | Sparaxis roxburghii (Baker) Goldblatt | Extinct | Hilton-Taylor (1996) | | Synnotia roxburghii (Baker) G.J.Lewis | Indeterminate | Hall et al. (1980) | |
Bibliography |
Goldblatt, P. 1992. Phylogenetic analysis of the South African genus Sparaxis (Including Synnotia) (Iridaceae-Ixioideae), with two new species and a review of the Genus. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79(1):143-159.
Goldblatt, P. and Manning, J.C. 2000. Cape Plants: A conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town.
Goldblatt, P. and Manning, J.C. 2013. Systematics and biology of the Cape genus Sparaxis (Iridaceae). Strelitzia 32. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Hall, A.V., De Winter, M., De Winter, B. and Van Oosterhout, S.A.M. 1980. Threatened plants of southern Africa. South African National Scienctific Programmes Report 45. CSIR, Pretoria.
Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
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Citation |
| Goldblatt, P., Raimondo, D., von Staden, L. & Patel, T. 2023. Sparaxis roxburghii (Baker) Goldblatt. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version . Accessed on 2025/04/19 |
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