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Scientific Name | Haemanthus canaliculatus Levyns |
Higher Classification | Monocotyledons |
Family | AMARYLLIDACEAE |
National Status |
Status and Criteria | Endangered B1ab(iii,iv,v)+2ab(iii,iv,v) |
Assessment Date | 2022/02/08 |
Assessor(s) | D.A. Snijman, N.N. Mhlongo & A. Johns |
Justification | This is a range-restricted species that has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 100 km² and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 60 km². It is known from three locations, with approximately 500 mature individuals in the total population. The population is declining as a result of coastal housing developments, a deleterious fire regime, the invasion of habitat by alien species, and harvesting for horticultural purposes. It therefore meets the thresholds for listing as Endangered under criterion B. |
Distribution |
Endemism | South African endemic |
Provincial distribution | Western Cape |
Range | This species is endemic to the Western Cape Province, South Africa, where it is found from Rooiels to Betty's Bay. |
Habitat and Ecology |
Major system | Terrestrial |
Major habitats | Overberg Dune Strandveld, Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos, Hangklip Sand Fynbos |
Description | Plants grows on marshy coastal lowlands. |
Threats |
| This range-restricted species' habitat has been greatly reduced by housing development, and population decline as a result of development continues. This species requires fire to flower, but due to development, fires are excluded from most of its habitat. Plants are also occasionally removed by collectors. Most of the larger subpopulations west of the Palmiet River are still intact and undisturbed. In residential areas, plants still occur between houses and along roadsides. However, plot clearing for residential houses and water channels has intensified and threatens these subpopulations. On the east side of the Palmiet River, subpopulations are threatened by Typha reed growth from the drainage of urban runoff water, which has worsened due to the expansion of informal settlements. One of the eastern subpopulations is completely covered by alien vegetation, and it is uncertain whether it will survive this severe pressure. |
Population |
The population size is estimated to be approximately 500 plants, and this number is declining due to illegal collection, fire exclusion, competition with invasive alien species and habitat loss due to housing developments.
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Population trend | Decreasing |
Assessment History |
Taxon assessed |
Status and Criteria |
Citation/Red List version | | Haemanthus canaliculatus Levyns | EN B1ab(iii,v); C2a(i) | Raimondo et al. (2009) | | Haemanthus canaliculatus Levyns | EN B1B2cC1 | Victor (2002) | | Haemanthus canaliculatus Levyns | Vulnerable | Hilton-Taylor (1996) | | Haemanthus canaliculatus Levyns | Vulnerable | Hall et al. (1980) | |
Bibliography |
Goldblatt, P. and Manning, J.C. 2000. Cape Plants: A conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town.
Hall, A.V., De Winter, M., De Winter, B. and Van Oosterhout, S.A.M. 1980. Threatened plants of southern Africa. South African National Scienctific Programmes Report 45. CSIR, Pretoria.
Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Snijman, D.A. 1984. A revision of the genus Haemanthus L. (Amaryllidaceae). Journal of South African Botany Supplement 12:1-139.
Snijman, D.A. 1994. Two rare Cape Amaryllidae Species. Veld & Flora 80(4):117.
Victor, J.E. 2002. South Africa. In: J.S. Golding (ed), Southern African plant Red Data Lists. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report 14 (pp. 93-120), SABONET, Pretoria.
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Citation |
| Snijman, D.A., Mhlongo, N.N. & Johns, A. 2022. Haemanthus canaliculatus Levyns. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version . Accessed on 2025/08/21 |
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