Aloe bowiea

Taxonomy
Scientific Name
Aloe bowiea Schult. & J.H.Schult.
Higher Classification
Monocotyledons
Family
ASPHODELACEAE
Synonyms
Bowiea africana Haw., Chamaealoe africana (Haw.) A.Berger
National Status
Status and Criteria
Critically Endangered A4acd; B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
Assessment Date
2008/07/10
Assessor(s)
D. Raimondo, J.E. Victor, G.F. Smith, W. Berrington & A.P. Dold
Justification
EOO 550 km², AOO 5 km². Locally extinct at four of seven recorded locations and documented population decline of 60-70% over the past 19 years, due illegal collecting, overgrazing by cattle, low income housing expansion and construction of the Coega Industrial Development Zone. Currently this species is extant in three severely fragmented subpopulations. With the planned industrial expansion of Coega, the anticipated influx of people seeking work there could result in massive urban expansion and large increased in cattle stocking rates. This species is predicted to experience a further 20% decline in the next five years.
Distribution
Endemism
South African endemic
Provincial distribution
Eastern Cape
Range
Uitenhage, Coega and Kariega.
Habitat and Ecology
Major system
Terrestrial
Major habitats
Coega Bontveld, Sundays Thicket
Description
Subtropical transition thicket, in rocky soils on level to southwest-facing slopes.
Threats
The habitat where this species occurs is currently being subjected to a number of threats. These include agricultural mismanagement, particularly overstocking and overgrazing during times of drought; the clearance of non-arable thicket for crop cultivation; industrial expansion; urban development; road construction; and unauthorised collecting by succulent enthusiasts. These latter few threats have lead to the extinction of the subpopulation at Uitenhage. In a survey of known subpopulations in 1983, Smith (1989) reported that as a result of the drought the vegetation at both the Uitenhage and Coega localities was severely overgrazed and badly trampled by domestic stock and game animals. Individuals were found grazed back to soil level. Similar evidence of overgrazed plants has been observed between 2003 and 2006 by volunteers from the Custodians of Rare and Endangered Wildflowers (CREW) Programme. In recent years (2000-2010) the expansion of Motherwell township has led to loss of a large portion of the population. In addition the development of the Coega Industrial Development Zone has led to loss of part of the Coega Kop subpopulation.
Population
Population trend
Decreasing
Conservation
Not recorded from any formally protected areas.
Assessment History
Taxon assessed
Status and Criteria
Citation/Red List version
Aloe bowiea Schult. & J.H.Schult.CR A4acd; B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)Raimondo et al. (2009)
Aloe bowiea Schult. & J.H.Schult.CR A1aceB1B2abcdeVictor (2002)
Aloe bowiea Schult. & J.H.Schult.Endangered Hilton-Taylor (1996)
Bibliography

Goldblatt, P. and Manning, J.C. 2000. Cape Plants: A conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town.


Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.


Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.


Reynolds, G.W. 1969. The Aloes of South Africa. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town.


Smith, G.F. 1989. The destruction of the natural habitat of Aloe bowiea (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). Excelsa 14:117-124.


Smith, G.F. 1991. Additional notes on the taxonomic status and habitat of Aloe bowiea (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). Aloe 28:9-17.


Smith, G.F. and van Wyk, A.E. 1989. Biographical notes on James Bowie and the discovery of Aloe bowiea Schult. et J.H. Schult. (Alooideae: Asphodelaceae). Taxon 38(4):557-568.


Smith, G.F. and van Wyk, A.E. 1990. Notes on the distribution and habitat of Aloe bowiea (Liliaceae/Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), an endangered and little known species from the eastern Cape. Bothalia 20(1):123-125.


Smith, G.F. and Van Wyk, A.E. 1993. Notes on the pollen morphology and taxonomy of Aloe bowiea (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). Madoqua 18:93-99.


Smith, G.F., Glen, H.F., Van Wyk, A.E. and Condy, G. 1994. Aloe bowiea. Flowering Plants of Africa 53:80-84.


Van Wyk, B.-E. and Smith, G. 2003. Guide to aloes of South Africa. (2nd ed.). Briza Publications, Pretoria.


Victor, J.E. 2002. South Africa. In: J.S. Golding (ed), Southern African plant Red Data Lists. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report 14 (pp. 93-120), SABONET, Pretoria.


Citation
Raimondo, D., Victor, J.E., Smith, G.F., Berrington, W. & Dold, A.P. 2008. Aloe bowiea Schult. & J.H.Schult. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. Accessed on 2019/02/22

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Distribution map

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