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Scientific Name | Leucadendron brunioides Meisn. var. brunioides |
Higher Classification | Dicotyledons |
Family | PROTEACEAE |
Synonyms | Leucadendron fusciflora E.Phillips & Hutch., Leucadendron inflexum Link (in part) |
Common Names | Foetid Conebush (e) |
National Status |
Status and Criteria | Least Concern |
Assessment Date | 2020/07/03 |
Assessor(s) | A.G. Rebelo, H. Mtshali & L. von Staden |
Justification | Leucadendron brunioides var. brunioides has a wide distribution range, with an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 41 881 km². It is known from over 100 subpopulations and is locally common within its habitat. It continues to decline due to ongoing habitat loss and degradation, but does not yet meet any of the criteria for a category of threat. It is therefore listed as Least Concern. |
Distribution |
Endemism | South African endemic |
Provincial distribution | Northern Cape, Western Cape |
Range | This taxon occurs in the Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces of South Africa and is found growing on the Bokkeveld Escarpment near Nieuwoudtville, the Sandveld, the Gifberg, and along the Cederberg Mountains to the eastern Koue Bokkeveld, Hex River Mountains and the Breede River Valley. |
Habitat and Ecology |
Major system | Terrestrial |
Major habitats | Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos, Nardouw Sandstone Fynbos, North Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos, Bokkeveld Sandstone Fynbos, Breede Quartzite Fynbos, Matjiesfontein Quartzite Fynbos, Swartruggens Quartzite Fynbos, Breede Sand Fynbos, Namaqualand Sand Fynbos, Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos, Breede Alluvium Fynbos, Kouebokkeveld Alluvium Fynbos |
Description | It occurs in deep sandstone soils at valley bottoms, at 50-1400 m. It is a long-lived taxon, and survives fires by resprouting from underground boles or rootstocks. Wind-dispersed seeds are released after ripening, and is stored in surface leaf-litter. It is dioecious, with insect-pollinated male and female flowers occurring on separate plants. |
Threats |
| About 15% of this taxon's habitat is already irreversibly modified, predominantly due to historical habitat loss to agricultural expansion on lowland alluvial soils in the Breede River Valley, Koue Bokkeveld, and sandstone soils in Nieuwoudtville and Gifberg. There is slow ongoing habitat loss and degradations due to trampling by livestock, competition by alien invasive plants, infrastructure development and disturbance caused by maintenance of power lines. |
Population |
This taxon occurs in clumps of scattered plants, and subpopulations are large. The population is declining due to habitat loss and degradation.
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Population trend | Decreasing |
Assessment History |
Taxon assessed |
Status and Criteria |
Citation/Red List version | | Leucadendron brunioides Meisn. var. brunioides | Least Concern | Raimondo et al. (2009) | |
Bibliography |
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Rebelo, T. 2001. Sasol Proteas: A field guide to the proteas of southern Africa. (2nd ed.). Fernwood Press, Vlaeberg, Cape Town.
Vlok, J. and Schutte-Vlok, A.L. 2010. Plants of the Klein Karoo. Umdaus Press, Hatfield.
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Citation |
| Rebelo, A.G., Mtshali, H. & von Staden, L. 2020. Leucadendron brunioides Meisn. var. brunioides. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version . Accessed on 2025/05/21 |
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