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Scientific Name | Leucadendron concavum I.Williams |
Higher Classification | Dicotyledons |
Family | PROTEACEAE |
Common Names | Pakhuis Conebush (e) |
National Status |
Status and Criteria | Vulnerable D2 |
Assessment Date | 2020/07/15 |
Assessor(s) | A.G. Rebelo, D. Raimondo & L. von Staden |
Justification | An endemic species to the Pakhuis Mountains of the Western Cape, it has an extent of occurrence (28-66 km²), and an area of occupancy (AOO (52-56 km²), the entire range of this species occurs within the Cederberg Wilderness Area and there are between two and three locations. It is potentially threatened by too frequent fire. It therefore qualifies as Vulnerable under criterion D. |
Distribution |
Endemism | South African endemic |
Provincial distribution | Western Cape |
Range | This species is limited to Pakhuis Mountains, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. |
Habitat and Ecology |
Major system | Terrestrial |
Major habitats | Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos |
Description | It grows in sandy plateaus, 1000 m. Mature individuals are killed by fires, and only seeds survive. Seeds are released after ripening, and collected by rodents and stored in underground caches, where they are protected and germinate following fires. It is dioecious, with insect-pollinated male and female flowers occurring on separate plants. |
Threats |
| This species occurs within the Cederberg Wilderness area and is protected, the only potential threat it faces is too frequent fire. |
Population |
This species occurs as two subpopulations on either side of the Pakhuis Pass, separated from one another by 1.5 kilometres. Each subpopulations has over 1000 plants and numbers have remained relatively stable since monitoring began in 1993. A third subpopulation may exist as there is an old herbarium collection from Ezelbank collected in 1929, this record is 24 km south east of the other two subpopulations. As this species was not been recollected despite extensive sampling in this area during the Protea Atlas Project (1992 - 2002) it is uncertain if the species still occurs at Ezelbank.
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Population trend | Unknown |
Conservation |
| All the known subpopulations are in the Cederberg Wilderness area and are relatively secure. |
Assessment History |
Taxon assessed |
Status and Criteria |
Citation/Red List version | | Leucadendron concavum I.Williams | EN B1ac(iv)+2ac(iv) | Raimondo et al. (2009) | | Leucadendron concavum I.Williams | Rare | Hilton-Taylor (1996) | | Leucadendron concavum I.Williams | Rare | Hall et al. (1980) | |
Bibliography |
Goldblatt, P. and Manning, J.C. 2000. Cape Plants: A conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town.
Hall, A.V., De Winter, M., De Winter, B. and Van Oosterhout, S.A.M. 1980. Threatened plants of southern Africa. South African National Scienctific Programmes Report 45. CSIR, Pretoria.
Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Rebelo, T. 2001. Sasol Proteas: A field guide to the proteas of southern Africa. (2nd ed.). Fernwood Press, Vlaeberg, Cape Town.
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Citation |
| Rebelo, A.G., Raimondo, D. & von Staden, L. 2020. Leucadendron concavum I.Williams. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version . Accessed on 2025/05/23 |
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