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Scientific Name | Leucadendron grandiflorum (Salisb.) R.Br. |
Higher Classification | Dicotyledons |
Family | PROTEACEAE |
Common Names | Mountain Rose (e), Wynberg Conebush (e) |
National Status |
Status and Criteria | Extinct |
Assessment Date | 2019/10/21 |
Assessor(s) | A.G. Rebelo |
Justification | Leucadendron grandiflorum was last seen in 1806. No records exist of its ecology, habitat, extent or time of demise, other than that it used to occur on Wynberg Hill's granitic soils. The cause of extinction is most likely to be vineyard expansion. |
Distribution |
Endemism | South African endemic |
Provincial distribution | Western Cape |
Range | This species formerly occurred on the Cape Peninsula, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. |
Habitat and Ecology |
Major system | Terrestrial |
Major habitats | Fynbos |
Description | Its habitat is not known, but it is thought to have occurred in granite fynbos. |
Threats |
| The area where this species was found was the location of the earliest colonial farms. |
Population |
Salisbury’s original taxon was synonymized in a revision by Robert Brown and its existence neglected until Ion Williams revised the genus in 1972. During this entire period there are no records alluding to the species, and to this day it is only known from Salisbury’s description and a single drawing of a male plant. Its local date of extinction is thus unknown, and can be anywhere from the turn of the 18th century until recently. However, the fact that it was not collected by collectors in the middle 18th century suggests that it was either very rare or extinct in the early 1800s. From the description and drawing there can be no doubt that this is a valid taxon, that it belongs to the crowned conebushes, and that its sister species is L. globosum.
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Assessment History |
Taxon assessed |
Status and Criteria |
Citation/Red List version | | Leucadendron grandiflorum (Salisb.) R.Br. | Extinct | Raimondo et al. (2009) | | Leucadendron grandiflorum (Salisb.) R.Br. | Not Threatened | Hilton-Taylor (1996) | |
Bibliography |
Goldblatt, P. and Manning, J.C. 2000. Cape Plants: A conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town.
Helme, N.A. and Trinder-Smith, T.H. 2006. The endemic flora of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 72(2):205-210.
Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Williams, I.J.M. 1972. Revision of the genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae). Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium 3:1-425.
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Citation |
| Rebelo, A.G. 2019. Leucadendron grandiflorum (Salisb.) R.Br. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version . Accessed on 2025/05/13 |
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